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Kashubian diaspora
The Kashubian diaspora resulted from the emigration of Kashubians, with significant waves having occurred in the second half of the 19th century. The majority of Kashubian emigrants settled in the United States, Although have also seem to have emigrated to Brazil, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand.〔Hanna Popowska-Taborska, ''Kaszubszczyzna: zarys dziejów'' (Warszawa, 1980), p. 21.〕 Their reasons for emigration varied. Until the Franco-Prussian War, Kashubians emigrated primarily for economic reasons. After the Franco-Prussian War and especially due to the Kulturkampf, Kaszubian emigration accelerated as socio-political factors came into play.
The Kashubian diaspora is of note in American history because it predated the Polish American diaspora, which is regarded as having peaked at the beginning of the 20th century. In addition, Kashubian immigrants to the United States preferred to live on farms and in smaller cities, as opposed to the Polish immigrants' preference for large cities like Chicago, Buffalo, and Detroit.
==Kashubians, Poles, and Germans==
The Kashubians have always been primarily an agrarian people, making a living by either farming or fishing. As such, they have traditionally considered themselves an entirely separate entity from both the Polish and German peoples. The question of Kashubian origins, with particular reference to Polish origins, remains vexed. Yet the Kashubian people have managed to retain their distinctive ethnic identity despite centuries of attempted Germanization and Polonization. Due to historical necessities, Kashubians have traditionally been able to understand and make themselves understood in both Polish and German; however, they never lost their own Kashubian language. Despite their shared Slavic heritage and their common devotion to Roman Catholicism, Kashubians and Poles have not always lived comfortably with each other; siding with ethnic Poles against ethnic Germans was not a foregone conclusion.〔For a fuller account, see now Jozef Borszyskowski's chapter "A History of the Kashubs until the End of Communism," in Cezary Obracht-Prondzyński and Tomasz Wicherkiewicz (eds), ''The Kashubs: Past and Present'' (Bern: Peter Lang, 2011), pp. 5-74.〕 Fortunately, modern Kashubians are comfortable in their status as citizens of the modern Polish Republic.〔See Cezary Obracht-Prondzyński's chapter "Dilemmas of Modern Kashubian Identity and Culture," in Cezary Obracht-Prondzyński and Tomasz Wicherkiewicz (eds), ''The Kashubs: Past and Present'' (Bern: Peter Lang, 2011), pp. 179-226, especially pp. 220-336.〕
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